Dehumanization refers to:

Dehumanization is accurately described as deprivation of human qualities or attributes. This concept involves treating individuals or groups as less than human, often stripping them of dignity, emotions, or individuality. This can lead to an inability to empathize with others, fostering discrimination, violence, and social exclusion. It is crucial in understanding various social issues, including the justification of inhumane treatment and violence in conflicts, as it creates a chasm between "us" and "them." Recognizing dehumanization is vital for fostering inclusive environments and advocating for the rights and dignities of all individuals.

The other options do not align with the definition of dehumanization. Elevating human qualities speaks to an appreciation for humanity, while increased empathy suggests a deepening connection with others. Understanding cultural differences is about recognizing and valuing diversity, which is contrary to the concept of dehumanization.